Creative Health 

 
1857

Britain’s first chess club -2007 150th birthday of first chess club 

1857

Liverpool Rugby Club -World’s first 2007 -150th birthday of Liverpool Rugby Club 

21st century Getting on with it -Photography project by Terry Speake -an attempt at the construction of normalcy, and the ability of the photographic image to represent 'ordinariness'…the subjects, 
all with a disability, used the process to tell their own stories, whilst emotionally straining in parts, it 
nevertheless lets us into their lives and shares with us their remarkable struggles to strive for that 
ordinariness' 

21st century Laughter Clinics In Liverpool “Although the concept of laughter workshops has been around for a long time in many other cities across this country and across the world, this is 
something that is being established in Liverpool and across Merseyside for he first time.” 

21st century Towerhill Health Centre Public Art Project -One of four projects put forward in partnership by Knowsley Arts Service and Knowsley Primary Care Trust Public Health 

21st century Energise The Arts in Knowsley (ETAIK) Phase 1 & 2 One of four projects put forward in 
partnership by Knowsley Arts Service and Knowsley Primary Care Trust Public Health 

21st century Knowsley Drumming and Dance Festival Groups -One of four projects put forward in partnership by Knowsley Arts Service and Knowsley Primary Care Trust Public Health 

21st century Award winning, Intergenerational Active Ageing Programme developed by Diane Brennan, Liverpool PCT 3years ago in South Liverpool. With three programmes in the Speke, 
Aigburth and Belle Vale areas with approximately 250 older people attending on a weekly basis.

They were recently awarded accreditation status as an Approved Provider of Intergenerational Projects and Programmes. This award comes from the Centre for Intergenerational Practice, which is an international organisation. They are the first health organisation to be awarded this  accreditation. This is the only programme of its kind in the country, or at least was when it was developed. 

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In April 2007 they are handing over their three programmes to a community group called Come Alive at 55. Their Active Ageing Programmes will then be called Community Active Ageing Programmes, 

as they will then belong to the community although supported by Diane's team who will attend monthly to do health promoting activities. In April (2007) they will commence their new Intergenerational Active Ageing Programme based in the Sunflower Centre in Woolton and 
working in partnership with St Julies High School. This will be a term time programme approximately 5-6 weeks where older people will join with young people and participate in health education sessions and activities such as Tai Chi. They will also be running other activities on different days from this centre. They have done a lot of work with schools where they bring old and young together to share war time memories, this has been very successful and much to the delight of their older people. 

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21st century Arts in Health with men in Knowsley One of four projects put forward in partnership by Knowsley Arts Service and Knowsley Primary Care Trust Public Health

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Source 

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1. www.liverpool.gov.uk/Images/£cm21-69076.pdf 

2. www.liverpool.gov.uk/Images/£cm21-69076.pdf 

3. Mersey Care NHS Trust 

4. Terry Speake 

5. Jenny Liddy, The Comedy Trust 

6. Anne Crabtree-Knowsley Primary Care Trust 

7. Anne Crabtree -Knowsley Primary Care Trust 

8. Anne Crabtree -Knowsley Primary Care Trust 

9. Diane Brennan, South Liverpool PCT

10. Anne Crabtree - Knowsley Primary Care Trust

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Dentistry 

1920

Liverpool University established the Louis Cohen Chair in Dental Surgery in 1920 as the first professorship in dentistry in the UK and Liverpool was one of the first universities for recognise the importance of science and research in dentistry by founding a Chair in Dental Sciences in 1963. 

The dental museum was started in 1880 and contains many dental artefacts, not least of these being a collection of early dentures, now thought to be one of the most important in the world. 

The museum itself is acknowledged to be one of the best dental museums in Europe. 

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Medicine 

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During the world-wide epidemic of the Bubonic plague, Liverpool University’s Bacteriology Department supplied vaccine to the Colonial & War Offices. 

Haven't been able to find a date for this anyone out there know? 

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1748

First Liverpool Infirmary. 

1756-1805

Dr James Currie -founded the Fever Hospital on Brownlow Hill. Helped revive the Literary Society, the Athenaeum Library & was instrumental in the town’s first mental hospital and lunatic asylum. Also involved in the campaign to abolish slavery. 

1772-1845

Dr James Carson ‘considered one of the most skilled physicians practising in Liverpool in the early eighteenth century. He was the first physician to draw attention to the part played by the inspiratory expansion of the chest and lungs in the circulation of the blood. As early as 1822, he had suggested pneumothorax as a treatment of phthisis.’ 

1774

Dr Matthew Dobson while a doctor in Liverpool Infirmary discovered sugar in the urine of diabetic patients simply by tasting it and finding it sweet. He crystallised the sugar and described its properties. 

1808-1884

Mr Alfred Higginson. Anticipated the Iron Lung by describing the first Pulmonary Ventilator in the world. Also designed an enema syringe 'which was widely used until the mid-twentieth century.’ 

1818

First ‘School of Anatomy’ in Liverpool was at Dr Richard Formby’s house in Bold Street in 1818.

1827

Second ‘School of Anatomy’ in Liverpool was opened by William Gill, a retired army surgeon, in 1827 at 56 Seel Street.

Source 

1. Pge. 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

2. Pge. 5 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

3. Pge 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

4. pge 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

5. pge 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

6. pge 24 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

7. pge 4 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

1832

Anatomy Act of 1832 -Philanthropist “William Rathbone pressed for legislation so that unclaimed bodies from prisons, hospitals and workhouses could be used for anatomical purposes. This became the basis of the Anatomy Act of 1832” 

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1834

Mr Robert Bickersteth pioneered blood transfusion rather than the blood-letting that was popular in his day by successfully giving a haemorrhaging 30 year old women a blood transfusion straight from her sister's arm. 

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1834

First Liverpool Medical School, The Liverpool Royal Institution School of Medicine and Surgery in Colquitt Street. Opened in October 1834 in Colquitt Street, where William Gill and Dr Formby held a joint Lectureship in Anatomy. Dr Formby also lectured in Medicine. First in Liverpool only. 
Dedicated medical schools were set up earlier in a number of provincial towns. 

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1834-1891

Mr Hugh Owen Thomas. ‘devised ingenious pieces of apparatus for setting and splinting fractures. One became widely known as the Thomas Splint and was extensively used in the First World War, saving hundreds of lives…his skill became recognised internationally.’ along with his nephew 
Sir Robert Jones recognised as the ‘founders of the speciality of Orthopaedics.‘ 

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1839-1908

Mr Reginald Harrison Became a Liverpool pioneer in the field of urological surgery. He designed a 
urethral endoscope for examining the bladder and pioneered the ‘excision of the prostate by abdominal removal.’ He predicted the time would come when kidney stones could be fragmented 
without the need for invasive surgery. 

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1840-1931

Pioneering in General Medicine. Professor Thomas Robinson Glynn 'was regarded as the best all-round clinician of his generation and as a dynamic and inspiring teacher.’ Taught the influential Henry Cohen. 

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Sources

​

1. Morris M & Ashton J., The Pool of life – a public health walk in Liverpool. 

2. Pge 24 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

3. pge. 4 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

4. pge 25 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

5. Pge. 25 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

6. Pge 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

1842-1926

Pioneering in Physiology. Professor Richard Caton ‘His major scientific contribution was the discovery of electrical waves emanating from the brain, so paving the way for the electro-encephalogram.’ 

1846

The Liverpool Mercury was the first paper in England to report discovery of Ether. 

1848

Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Myrtle Street is the world's first purpose built children's hospital and also "pioneered educational facilities for children in hospital." Myrtle Street closed in the 1990's and has since been demolished. Now built upon by the Liverpool Community College. 

A commemorative bronze plaque was unveiled in August 2002 by Dr Elizabeth Jackson-Rees. The 
erection of the plaque was the idea of Mary Riddoch, the hospital’s last matron and Professor Julian Verbov, Consultant Paediatric Dermatologist at the Hospital. 

1851-1940 Oliver Joseph Lodge the first person to discover that electromagnetic waves could be transmitted not only through space but also through solids. His discovery 'paved the way for wireless 
telegraphy’ It was Lodge who assisted Sir Robert Jones & Dr Thurstan Holland in the first pre-surgery X-ray in Britain. 

1851-1941

Professor Frank Thomas Paul. His original contribution to the world of surgery was to ‘promote the 
exteriorisation method of excising malignant tumours of the colon.’ Later known as the Paul-Mikulicz procedure. 

1856-1950

Dr E.W. Hope Medical Officer of health 

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1894 – 1924.

Driving force behind the creation of Liverpool School of Hygiene in 1897. He also developed new policies for the treatment of venereal diseases. 

1857

Southern Hospital – First children’s ward. Only one source for this can anyone confirm this to be an accurate record? 

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Sources

​

1. pge 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

2. Liverpool Firsts, Great Merseyside Geniuses, Jack Cooper Published by Sigma Leisure ISBN 1-85058-592-X 

3. Morris M & Ashton J., The Pool of life – a public health walk in Liverpool. 

4. http://www.sjsfiles.btinternet.co .uk/flm030606.htm 

5. Julian Verbov, Hon. Professor of Dermatology University of Liverpool 

6. Pge. 7 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

7. Pge 24 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

8. Public Health – The Liverpool School of Hygiene Museum Collection – Introduction by Knowles & Sheard p.13 

9. Liverpool Firsts, Great Merseyside Geniuses, Jack Cooper Published by Sigma Leisure ISBN 1-85058-592-X 

10. http://toxteth.net/places/liverpoo/institutions/hospitals/royal%20southers%20hospital.html

1857-1932

Sir Ronald Ross he identified the Anopheles Mosquito as the source of the Malaria parasite.’ He continued with government backed pioneering work investigating the parasites involved in yellow fever, sleeping sickness and elephantiasis. Won the Nobel Prize in 1902 & a KCB in 1911. 

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1857-1933

Sir Robert Jones. Specialised ‘exclusively in bone and joint injuries and both he and Owen Thomas 
became widely recognised for their skill and are accepted as the founders of the speciality of Orthopaedics.’ Knighted in 1917. And one 21st century experience of orthopaedics in Liverpool? Here is Ian H Magedera's own personal story: "I was born in the other Garston, seventeen miles from London. That shouldn’t be held against me though; just the other day a Scouser said: ‘You’re quite nice for a Southerner, aren’t you?’ Being from ‘down there’, I used to think that healthwise, things would automatically be better where I came from; but the last three years have seen me salute the skill of those working for the NHS in this city. Their care for my daughter at Alder Hey 
began even before she was born: staff offered to meet me in advance, so I knew what to expect with a serious case of Talipes (club feet). A plaque in the waiting room celebrated the founder of Paediatric orthopaedics, Sir Robert Jones (1857–1933) and this is the place to be because Mr 

Nayagam, the plaster room staff and the orthotist have taken us successfully through so many 

procedures, Ponseti method plasters, hip spicas, Pavlik harnesses, splints and two three-hour operations." Ian H. Magedera 

1857-1952 Notable Liverpool medic: Sir Charles Sherrington who discovered the synapse (connections between brain cells). 

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Sources

​

1. Pge 24 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

2. Pge 26 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

3. Ian H Magedera 

4. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

1858

William Rathbone decided to employ a nurse to take care of his sick wife at home. He realised that this home nursing would benefit some of his poorer neighbours in need, so he paid for his wife's nurse to go and visit them too. Thus she became the first district nurse in the country and the 
inspiration for Rathbone to found the first District Nursing Scheme in the country in 1859. 

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1859

William Rathbone founds the First District Nursing Scheme in the country with assistance from Florence Nightingale. 

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1860

William Rathbone and the Royal Infirmary plan a nurse's home. 

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1860's

Rathbone's District Nursing Scheme spread throughout the country in 1860's from its base at the new nurse's home in Liverpool. 

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Sources

​

1. Morris M & Ashton J., The Pool of life – a public health walk in Liverpool. 

2. Paper on history of district nursing 

http://216.239.59.104/search=cache:1EN0eQnJRoUJ:www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf+first+district+nurse&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk or http://www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf.

1. www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?colLid-4608einst_id=20 

2. Paper on history of district nursing http://216.239.59.104/search=cache:1EN0eQnJRoUJ:www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf+first+district+nurse&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk or http://www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf. 

3. www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?colLid-4608einst_id=20 

4. Paper on history of district nursing http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:1EN0eQnJRoUJ:www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf+fir st+district+nurse&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk or http://www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf.

5. www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?colLid-4608einst_id=20 

6. Paper on history of district nursinghttp://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:1EN0eQnJRoUJ:www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf+fir st+district+nurse&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk or http://www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf. 

7. www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?colLid-4608einst_id=20 

1862

The influential Liverpool Training School and Home for Nurses was founded in 1862 

1862

Although the first school of nursing in the UK was the Nightingale School at St Thomas' hospital London in 1859 the Rathbone family initiated one of early Schools of Nursing in the country. 
The Royal Infirmary, which is the second oldest medical charity in the north of England, was instituted in 1745. Its first building was on the site of St. George's Hall, and was opened 
in 1749. In 1824 it was removed to Pembroke Place, and it was again rebuilt in 1890. From 1792 to 1879 a lunatic asylum was connected with it; it also maintained a lock hospital; and in 1860 it instituted, under the guidance of William Rathbone, (fn. 5) a nurses' home which formed the basis of the first English experiment in district nursing. 

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1863-1941

Dr Charles Thurstan Holland, a physician at the Southern Hospital, Liverpool specialised in radiography & became the first specialist radiologist in Britain. He was the physician at the 
first clinical X-ray in Britain. ’Dr Holland suffered extensive damage to the fingers of both hands due to exposure to X-rays.’ 

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1. Paper on history of district nursing 

2. http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:1EN0eQnJRoUJ:www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf+fir 

3. st+district+nurse&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk orhttp://www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf. 

4. www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?colLid-4608einst_id=20

5. Morris M & Ashton J., The Pool of life – a public health walk in Liverpool. 

6. www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=41378

7. Pge. 7 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

1871-1936

Pioneering in Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Professor William Blair Bell was also dedicated to seeking a cure for cancer, he established the Liverpool Cancer Research Organisation. His pioneering project on seeking a substance to destroy cancerous tissue ’is recognised as one of the first rational and scientific approaches to the chemotherapy of cancer.’ 

He also was influential in the development of the speciality of gynaecology. 

1873-1959

Professor John Hay -Founded the first Cardiological Unity in Liverpool at the Royal Infirmary, one of the first in the country. Founder member of the Cardiac Club which became the British Cardiac Society. 

1874

The earliest students’ society at the University of Liverpool was the Medical Students’ Society, established in 1874 during the days of the Liverpool Royal Infirmary School of Medicine. The society still exists today. 

1879-1944

Sir Robert Ernest Kelly. ‘After a visit to the USA, he introduced into this country the anaesthetic technique of intratracheal insufflation of ether and air into the lungs through a narrow gum-elastic catheter. A small electric pump blew the air over a wide glass bottle containing ether and through the gum-elastic catheter. This technique made intrathoracic and intracranial surgery practical.’ 

1882

The first hospital in Liverpool for women opened in Shaw Street. 

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1883

Liverpool is the first town in Europe to have a regular, hospital-based, horse-drawn service equipped for first-aid and ready for immediate use at the Old Northern Hospital. It cost £227 a year to run! 

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Sources

​

Pge 23 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

Pge 22 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

1. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

Pge 25 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

pge 10 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

1. http://www.lmi.org.uk/Ambulance/ambexhibtime.htm 

2. The Medical Memories Roadshow 

1888

The Rathbone/Nightingale scheme for District Nursing finally approved nationally. 

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1888

Maghull epileptics hospital – Founded in 1888 as the first specialist care centre for epileptics in England. Accommodation for 60 men and 120 women of the "epileptic harmless lunatic type". Moss Side hospital originally started out in 1872 as a convalescent home for children from Liverpool workhouses and is now a secure unit 

1889

Bootle hospital was the first voluntary hospital in England to provide an ambulance service. In 1889 a Mr W.A. Matheson presented the hospital with a horse drawn ambulance. 

1889-1973

Dr Robert James Minnitt -"first introduced the 'gas and air' analgesic machine." The first University Lecturer in Anaesthesia in the country. 

1896

The first ever X-Ray before surgery was taken by Oliver Lodge of a bullet in a boys wrist. The doctor assisting was Dr Charles Thurstan Holland who later became Britain's first specialist radiologist. 
NB First X-ray for clinical purposes made in University College London same year. 

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​

1. Paper on history of district nursing http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:1EN0eQnJRoUJ:www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf+fir st+district+nurse&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk or http://www.adne.co.uk/phcv15n3p2122.pdf. 

2. www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?colLid-4608einst_id=20 

3. Liverpool Firsts, Great Merseyside Geniuses, Jack Cooper Published by Sigma Leisure ISBN 1-85058-592-X 

4. www.mdx.ac.uk/www/STUDY/4_13_TA.htm#Maghull 

5. www.merseycare.nhs.uk/services/clinical/high_secure/History_Moss_Side.asp 

6. http://www.merseygateway.org/server.php?show=ConNarrative.182&chapterId=882 

7. Morris M & Ashton J., The Pool of life – a public health walk in Liverpool. 

8. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

9. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

1898

Sir Rubert William Boyce was the first City Bacteriologist to be appointed in the country. Knighted in 1906. 

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1898

World first. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine was founded in 1898 - Pembroke Place -Today it is "one of the few postgraduate centres of excellence in the world in the field of tropical medicine and its allied disciplines. Its principal, inter-related functions are research, teaching, and consultative activities. The School is extensively involved in national and international programmes to control 
tropical disease and to develop effective health care systems. It has links with health ministries, universities and research institutions worldwide." 

1898-1989

Professor Charles Alexander Wells. ‘He inaugurated what became an internationally famous postgraduate course for the Mastership of Surgery degree.’ Awarded the CBE in 1963. 

1900-1988

Harold Leeming Sheehan -He studied the pathology of endocrine glands & discovered the aetiology of long-term illness in women following parturition was due to pituitary necrosis -known as ‘Sheehan’s Syndrome’. 

1900's

J.E. Dutton & J.L. Todd whilst in the Congo discovered the transmission of tick-borne relapsing fever by soft ticks. Dutton died in the Congo at 29 from the disease. 

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Sources

​

1. Pge 20. T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication The first (unpaid) Dean of the School of the Tropical Medicine 

2. pge 15 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

3. Morris M & Ashton J., The Pool of life – a public health walk in Liverpool. 

4. Pge 10 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

5. quote from  http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cm s/ShowPage/Home_page/Featured_institutions/Department_profiles/Profile_display/p!eFjkiad?mode=View&profileNo=479&from=D 

6. pge 25 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

7. pge. 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

8. pge 55 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

1901-1988

Professor Allan Watt Downie ‘discovered that smallpox was not infectious during the incubation period and this made eradication of smallpox a viable target. Downie provided expertise and practical assistance to the World Health Organisation on the world eradication of the disease, 
which was achieved in 1976.’ 

1902

J.E. Dutton of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine was the first to demonstrate sleeping sickness trypanosomes in human blood. In 1902 he named the parasite causing human sleeping sickness in West Africa as Trypanosoma gambiense. 

1902

Ronald Ross, the first lecturer in Tropical Diseases at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He was the first Briton to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1902 by showing that mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites. Knighted in 1911. 

1902-1967 Dr John Halton worked with another Liverpool anaesthetist Cecil Gray and they were the first to use alkaloid d-tuborcurarine chloride in anaesthesia. 

1903

Professor Benjamin Moore was the world’s first Professor of Bio-Chemistry at the Johnston 
Laboratories which were opened in 1903. 

1905

Female medical students admitted for the first time at Liverpool Medical School in 1905. 

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Sources

​

1. pge 21 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

2. 2. Samantha Martin, University of Liverpool 

3. Pge 54 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

4. Pge 55 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

5. Pge 27 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

6. Pge 9 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

7. Pge. 8 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

1905

Robert Newstead, a lecturer in Entomology & Parasitology from 1905 at The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine ’became a recognised authority in the field of entomology. In 1915 he was appointed by the War Office to be in charge of the Entomological Commission in France & Flanders & in 1924 his Guide to the Study of Tsetse-Flies is published and ’for many years remains the most 
comprehensive book on tsetse flies.’ 

1906

Bio-Chemical Journal founded in Liverpool in 1906. ’Liverpool pioneered study of biochemistry, competing with German institutions. 

1906

In 1906 R. Ross, R.W. Boyce & J.L. Todd of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, are awarded the Order of Leopold II by The King of Belgium for their services to tropical medicine. 

1907-1992

Sir Thomas Norman Arthur Jeffcoate. ‘His clinical use of the effects of the female hormones significantly contributed towards reforming the speciality from one being largely empirical to one that was more scientifically based.’ 

1907-2000

Sir Cyril Astley Clarke -' He was assisted by Dr Ronald Finn in outstanding research which  culminated in a method of preventing Rhesus Haemolytic Disease of the newborn, based on prophylactic isoimmunisation.' 

1910-1983

Mr Frederick Ronald Edwards. Liverpool’s first specialist cardiac surgeon whose team ‘developed into one of the outstanding Cardiac Surgical Units in the country.’ 

1912

Miss Phoebe Mildred Powell was the first female medical student to qualify as MBChB from Liverpool in 1911, gaining her MD in 1912. 

​

​

1. pge 16 & pge 57 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press,  Liverpool, 1998. 

2. Pge 9 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

3. Pge 55 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

4. pge 23 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

5. Pge 22 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

6. pge 26 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

7. Pge. 8 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

​

​

1913-1990 Professor Roderic Alfred Gregory was awarded ‘the prestigious Antonio Faltrinelli International Prize in Medicine in 1979 for his life’s work on the gastric hormones and his success in 
isolating the hormone gastrin. 

1917

Professor Charles Glover Barkla's research into X-Rays at the University of Liverpool won him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1917.” 

1918-2001

Dr Gordon Jackson Rees. ’a member of the Liverpool University Anaesthetic Department, made an outstanding contribution by adapting the principles of anaesthesia in adults, when tubocurarine is used, to the very different physiology of infants and small children. He transformed paediatric anaesthesia world-wide.’ 

1922

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington In 1922 he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his work on the nervous system. 

1924

The Liverpool Seamen’s Dispensary opens in Cleveland Square, Liverpool in 1924. The first of its kind in the UK, the dispensary worked in conjunction with the Liverpool School of Tropical 
Medicine. 

1926

Discovery by D.B. Blacklock of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine whilst in Sierra Leone ’that simuliid black flies are vectors of onchocerciasis (river blindness)'. 

1927

Pioneering Health Visitors Course in 1927 

​

Sources

​

1. Pge 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat

2. Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

3. http://www.liv.ac.uk/about/history/ 

4. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9013385/Charles-Glover-Barkla 

5. pge 27 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

6. Pge. 20 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

7. Pge 57 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

8. Pge 57 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

9. Public Health – The Liverpool School of Hygiene Museum Collection – Introduction by Knowles & Sheard p.10 

1929 W. Yorke, ARD Adams & F. Murgatroyd of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine achieved ‘in vitro cultivation (at least 24 hours) of blood parasites of African trypanosomes…thus allowing 
chemotherapy work to proceed.’ Warrington Yorke led the way in the field of chemotherapy. 

​

1936

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, builds a ’Tropical Village’ on the outskirts of Liverpool near the Melling Canal to demonstrate African huts and suitable methods of sanitation for malaria control and refuse disposal. 

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1937

JWW Stephens from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, wrote a classical book, published in 1937 reviewing research on blackwater fever after spending some 27 years studying the fever. 

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1937

Dr Alwena Evans of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine described by The Daily Mail on her death as ’a world famous authority on mosquitoes’. Her book Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region II. Anophelini. Adults and Early Stages published posthumously. It is the first book on African anopheline mosquitoes. 

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1939-1945

The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine in both World Wars ‘put its specialist knowledge & expertise at the disposal of the war office. In World War II at the request of the government, a Tropical Centre was established at Sefton General Hospital. The only one in the country to be 
created. 

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1941

J.D. Fulton & W. Yorke of the Tropical School of Medicine undertook an evaluation of mepacrine and pamaquin, antimalarial drugs in 1941. These were essential for protecting the British army in World War II. 

​

Sources

​

1. pge 58 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the

2. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

3. Pge 58 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

4. Pge 54 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

5. Pge 58 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

6. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

7. Pge 59 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

1942

The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine ‘collaborates with Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) of 
Manchester, in the development of the antimalarial drug Paludrine (proguanil).’ The first clinical trials of Paludrine (proguanil) against malaria begin in 1945. Paludrine was the first synthetic anti-malarial to be found and developed by any other than the German Chemicals Industry. 

​

1943

E.M. Lourie & H.O.J. Collier of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine are the first to demonstrate the ‘activity of penicillin against spirochaetes of louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis) and rat bite fever (Spirillum minus), leading to work in USA and the School on the treatment of syphilis with penicillin. The School ‘was asked by the War Office & Medical Research Council to conduct the first trials in Britain of penicillin for the treatment of syphilis. After the war the work continued in collaboration with the venereal diseases section of the Liverpool Corporation Public Health Department.’ 

​

1948

​

W.E. Kershaw of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine did pioneering work on filariasis (Litomosoides carinii) of cotton rats and human filariasis, especially loiasis.’ 

​

1959

One of Britain's earliest mass X-ray campaigns took place in Liverpool. 500,000 people were examined for TB. Professor Andrew Semple organised in Liverpool one of the country's first 
mass X-ray campaigns in 1959. Half a million people x-rayed in the space of 4 weeks. 

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1960

In October 1960 the William Rathbone Staff College was opened. The Liverpool Queen Victoria Nursing Association had handed over the Central Nurses' Home to the Queen's Nursing Institute for the nation, fully furnished and equipped to be 'the first residential Staff College for administrators and lecturers in the field of district nursing in this country and abroad.' 

​

Sources

​

1. pge 59 & 60 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

2. Pge 59 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

3. pge 60 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

4. Sally Sheard 

5. National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside (1997). Liverpool 1847-1997. A Healthy Place to Live? A history of the Queens Nursing Institute by Monica Baly -from Fiona Bourne Asst Archivist R.C.N. Archives 

1968

Professor Ronald Harrison from the University of Liverpool's Department of Human Anatomy became the first person to X-ray the body of Tutankhamen. 

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1980's

In the 1980's Professor Richard Edwards established a Magnetic Resonance Research Centre within the Department of Medicine in Liverpool. 

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1980's

​

Miss Frances Ivens was both Liverpool’s & Britain’s first female Consultant Gynaecologist. 

1980's

In the 1980's, the Department of Surgery in the medical faculty of the Liverpool University Hospital developed its research themes of gastroenterology and oncology. 

1980's Liverpool became the first medical school in the country to offer a Masters degree in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, to registrars who had completed MRCOG training.’ 

1980's ‘Obstetrics & Gynaecology had placed Liverpool at the forefront of developments, including segment caesarian section, gas and air analgesia in labour and the management of placenta praevia.’ 

1994

The first Masters Degree in Nursing in the country began in Liverpool in the Faculty of Medicine’s Thompson Yates Building. 

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Sources

​

1. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

Pge. 12 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

Pge 12 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

Pge 12 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

Pge 12. T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

pge 12 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

Pge. 12 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication

​

19th century Modern orthopaedic surgery in the UK originated in Liverpool at the end of the 19th century. A bone-setter called Hugh Owen Thomas practiced on injured dockers; his nephew, Sir Robert Jones, studied at the Liverpool Royal Infirmary School of Medicine (before the University was established) and developed the theory and practice of orthopaedic surgery in Britain. Knighted in 1917 in recognition of his achievements, Sir Robert served as President of the British Orthopaedic Association for five years. He was Clinical Lecturer in Orthopaedic Surgery at the University from 1909 to 1933 and to this day is commemorated by an annual lecture at New York 
University. 

​

20th century Emmanuel Lourie and his team searched for effective malaria-suppressant drugs. ‘They played a prominent part in the development of a quinine substitute, mepacrine, which became important when the Japanese invasion of Java in World War II, cut off the main source of quinine.’ 

​

20th century Professor Andrew Best Semple was Liverpool’s last Medical Officer of Health (1953-1974) ‘He was responsible in 1951 for the Liverpool Mass Radiography campaign -one of the first in Britain) which examined 500,000 individuals for pulmonary TB. He pioneered a clean air policy for the city by prohibiting coal burning in Liverpool and initiated the first degree courses for nurses. 

20th century Cecil Gray (b. 1913) ’initiated a postgraduate course for anaesthetists in 1947. For the first time ever in this country, in any medical subject, postgraduates were released from their hospital duties to attend a course on a ’day release’ basis. The Department of Anaesthesia developed 
a technique of very light anaesthesia using a relaxant, which became known as the Liverpool Technique. The Department also initiated probably the first clinic in the country for the treatment of chronic pain. 

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Sources

​

1. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

2. Pge 24 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

3. Pge 27 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

20th century A five-year project at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, led to an effective treatment against scabies, an itchy condition caused by mites in the skin, in the form of soap, Tetmosol, still available in West Africa under the name Asepso. 

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20th century Sir Henry Cohen, Professor of Medicine at Liverpool. Outstanding diagnostician and made a significant contribution towards the development of the NHS. 

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20th century Sir David John Weatherall -'He pioneered the molecular investigation of thalassaemia.’ 

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20th century Sir Robert Shields. A Glasgow graduate he developed a widely recognised Mammary Cancer Unit & undertook pioneering research in gastroenterology whilst practising in Liverpool. Kinghted in 1990. 

21st century Scientists at the University of Liverpool have discovered how to prevent human joints being eaten away by arthritic disease. -Joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis are infiltrated by white blood cells called neutrophils. They secrete a vast array of highly toxic compounds, which can lead to joint damage. Scientists at Liverpool have been conducting research to try and suppress the secretion of toxic compounds into the joints in order to prevent damage and disability. 

21st century The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation -built internationally recognised lung cancer research centre in heart of Liverpool 

21st century The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation -carrying out a unique long-term study involving 7500 people living in Liverpool to identify the genetic markers that will ensure the early 
detection of lung cancer. The outcome of this research will have the potential to save millions of lives around the world as lung cancer will be diagnosed early enough to respond to treatment 

Sources

​

1. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ’Malaria, Liverpool’ An illustrated history of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1898-1998, Patricia J. Miller, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, 1998. 

2. pge. 11 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

3. pge 23 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

4. Pge. 25 T Cecil Gray & Sally Sheard, A Brief History of Medical Education in Liverpool, The Bluecoat Press, Liverpool, A University of Liverpool Publication 

5. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

6. The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation Paul Gauntlett, Director of Development 

7. The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation Paul Gauntlett, Director of Development 

21st century National Biomanufacturing Centre at Speke – multi-million pound industries in vaccine production – world prominent companies in Biotechnology sector (e.g. Powderject; Chiron & MedImmune). 

Cutting edge centre designed to reinforce the North West regions status as one of the foremost bio 
manufacturing centres in Europe. Began working late 2006. 

21st century The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation -funded the first dedicated specialist lung cancer nurse – there are now around 400 in the country 

21st century Scientists conducting research into Acute Pancreatitis at the University of Liverpool have warned of the dangers of binge drinking.New research at the University of Liverpool now points to fatty acids and other fatty substances generated in the pancreas by alcohol, as a main cause of the disease. -These substances have the ability to destroy cells in the pancreas within one hour. 

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21st century The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation is the first and only major charity in the UK wholly dedicated to the defeat of lung cancer 

​

21st century Doctors in Liverpool are developing a new treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) that uses a protein attached to cancer cells, to vaccinate patients against their own disease. 
-A protein (BCR-ABL peptide) that is found in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells may create an immune response in patients with this form of leukaemia. C.M.L. is a cancer of the white blood cells that affects 750 people in the UK each year (see notes). -After successful laboratory tests, Dr 
Richard Clark, Reader in Haematology at the University of Liverpool, has started a small trial of patients to ensure the technique is safe and effective in treating this form of blood cancer. The trial is funded by a grant of £310,000 from Leukaemia Research. 

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Sources

​

1. http://www.northwestscience.co.uk/pages/index.php?page_id=1304 

2. The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation Paul Gauntlett, Director of Development 

3. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

4. The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation Paul Gauntlett, Director of Development 

5. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

21st century A new procedure used to treat patients diagnosed with a chronic eye disease is being pioneered by scientists at the University of Liverpool and surgeons from St Paul’s Eye Unit 
at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital. -Dr Carl Sheridan, from the University’s Ophthalmology 
Department, has begun work to develop a new procedure to treat the disease which involves taking a sample of tissue from the patient’s own eye during a simple operation, so that doctors can obtain a sample of iris epithelial cells. The cells are obtained by snipping off a small piece of the iris, taken from beneath the upper lid where it cannot be seen. 

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21st century Zöe’s Place -the first and only hospice uniquely designed for respite and palliative care of babies aged from 0-5 years. 

21st century The National Centre for Zoonosis Research – the world’s first interdisciplinary centre dedicated to the study of zoonoses – is based at the University of Liverpool. Zoonoses are animal-borne diseases which can infect humans, such as avian flu, BSE and SARS. 

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21st century Scientists at the University’s School of Tropical Medicine have made a major 
breakthrough in the treatment of malaria. -The team have discovering why the malaria parasite Plasmodium Falciparum, deposited in humans by the mosquito, has become resistant to 
chloroquine, one of the most successful drugs ever used to treat the disease. 

​

Sources

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1. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

2. Penny Williams, Zöe’s Place, Life Health Centre 

3. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

4. Samantha Martin University of Liverpool 

21st century The North West Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, is the only Centre in the entire North West which provides acute treatment and rehabilitation to people who, after accident or illness, damage their spinal cord and become either paraplegic (unable to move their legs), teraplegic (unable to move arms and legs), and ventilator dependence (can’t move arms, legs, or breathe 
independent of a machine) It began in 1944 in Warrington on the old Winwick Hospital site, and moved to the old Promenade Hospital in Southport in 1947. In 1992 we moved to purpose 
built accommodation at the current Southport and Ormskirk NHS Trust site in Southport. Southport is one of the “founding three” Centres for spinal cord management in the UK, along with Sheffield and Stoke Mandeville. Despite the severity of their injuries many of the people who have gone 
received care from the Centre provide a wide range of examples of how they have triumphed over their own personal adversities; young children who injure their cord who have gone on to be top wheelchair sports athletes, run their own businesses, are actively involved in the arts, and who undertake a range of other challenging activities. In addition, the Centre has been at the forefront of 
many technical and surgical innovations – developing catheters that keep people alive, implanting 
transmitters that let people breathe again, programmes that enable people to “walk” and stand again, and other devices that stop horrendous body spasms. Injuries like this can happen to any one 
of us, and any moment in time, and it will always remain our goal to turn what is often a horrendous change in life into an opportunity for each person to become as independent and involved in life and community as is possible. If you would like to know more about the Centre, want to help us in our 
work, or just simply want to see a bit more of what we are about visit our web site www.southportandormskirk.nhs.uk/spinal.asp